Ungayikhetha kanjani ifenisha yamahhotela ase-US ehambisana nemithetho yendawo kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha?

Ukunamathela emithethweni yefenisha yase-US kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwehhotela. Izinto ezingahambisani nemithetho zithinta ngqo ukuphepha kwezivakashi futhi zidala izinselele ezinkulu zomthetho.

Ukulimala okuvamile kwezivakashi okubangelwa ngqo ifenisha yehhotela engahambisani nemithetho kuhlanganisa lokho okubangelwa ifenisha noma imishini engasebenzi kahle, njengezihlalo ezidilikayo, imibhede ephukile, noma imishini yokuzivocavoca engasebenzi kahle.
Amahhotela kumele abeke phambili ukukhetha ifenisha yehhotela ehambisana nemithetho ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi futhi kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yezivakashi.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amahhotela kumele alandele imithetho yefenisha yase-US. Lokhu kugcina izivakashi ziphephile. Kuphinde kugweme izinkinga zomthetho.
• Imithetho ebalulekile ihlanganisa ukuphepha emlilweni, ukufinyelela kwezivakashi ezikhubazekile, kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali. Amahhotela kumele ahlole le mithetho.
• Khetha abahlinzeki abahleCela izitifiketi. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifenisha ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha nezomthetho.

Ukuhamba Ngemithetho Eyinhloko Yase-US Yefenisha Yamahhotela

Ukukhethaifenisha yehhotelakudinga ukuqonda okujulile imithetho ehlukahlukene yase-US. Lezi zindinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezivakashi, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo. Amahhotela kumele abhekane nalezi zimfuneko ngokushesha ukuze agweme izinkinga zomthetho futhi alondoloze idumela elihle.

Ukuqonda Izindinganiso Zokuvutha Zefenisha Yehhotela

Izindinganiso zokusha zimelela isici esibalulekile sokuphepha kwehhotela. Le mithetho ihlose ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwemililo, ukuvikela izivakashi kanye nempahla. Izindinganiso eziningana ezibalulekile zilawula ifenisha efakwe upholstery emahhotela ase-US.

• I-California TB 117-2013 (Ikhalenda 117): Le ndinganiso ibeka izidingo zokuphepha zezihlalo ezifakwe upholstery. Ihlola ukumelana nomthombo wokushiswa kukagwayi. Ukuze kudlule, indwangu akumele ishise imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-45, ibe nobude obungaphansi kuka-45mm, futhi ingashisi ibe amalangabi. Izifundazwe eziningi zase-US kanye neCanada zilandela le ndinganiso ngenxa yobukhulu bemakethe obubalulekile baseCalifornia kanye nemithethonqubo yomlilo esemthethweni.
• I-NFPA 260 / UFAC (uMkhandlu Wezenzo Zefenisha Enezimbobo): Le ndlela ejwayelekile ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zokuhlobisa ezingezona ezokuhlala, kufaka phakathi amahhotela. Idinga ubude be-char bungadluli amasentimitha angu-1.8 (45mm). I-foam ayikwazi futhi ukuvutha uma ihlolwa nge-foam engeyona i-FR enobukhulu obuphansi.
• Iphephandaba laseCalifornia 133 (CAL 133): Lo mthetho ubhekana ngqo nokusha kwefenisha esetshenziswa 'ezindaweni zomphakathi,' njengezakhiwo zikahulumeni namahhovisi ahlala abantu abayishumi noma ngaphezulu. Ngokungafani ne-CAL 117, i-CAL 133 idinga ukuhlola yonke ifenisha, hhayi nje izingxenye zayo. Lokhu kubhekisela ezinhlanganisweni ezahlukene zezindwangu, izindwangu zokumboza, nezinto zohlaka.
• Ngo-2021, indinganiso entsha yokuphepha kahulumeni yemililo yefenisha efakwe upholstery yaqala ukusebenza. ICongress yayala le ndinganiso emthethweni wokusiza nge-COVID. Le ndinganiso kahulumeni yamukela indinganiso yaseCalifornia yokusha kwefenisha, i-TB-117-2013, ekhuluma ngqo ngemililo eshayo.

Abakhiqizi kumele benze izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Iphephandaba Lobuchwepheshe laseCalifornia (TB) 117-2013: Le ncwajana isebenza ezindwangu zokumboza, izinto zokuvimba, kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa eziqinile efenisha efakwe upholstery. Iyalela ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuvutha kwendwangu yokumboza, izinto zokuvimba, kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa eziqinile. Ifenisha efakwe upholstery edlula lezi zivivinyo kumele ibe nelebula lesitifiketi elihlala njalo elithi: 'Ihambisana nezidingo ze-CPSC zase-US zokuvutha kwefenisha efakwe upholstery'.
• I-ASTM E1537 - Indlela Ejwayelekile Yokuhlola Umlilo Wefenisha Ene-Upholstery: Le ndinganiso ibeka indlela yokuhlola ukusabela komlilo kwefenisha efakwe upholstery ezindaweni zomphakathi lapho ivezwe elangeni.
• I-NFPA 260 – Izindlela Ezijwayelekile Zokuhlola kanye Nohlelo Lokuhlukaniswa Kokumelana Nokushiswa Kwezingcezu Zefenisha Ene-Upholstery: Le ndinganiso ibeka izindlela zokuhlola nokuhlukanisa ukumelana kwezingxenye zefenisha ezifakwe upholstery nogwayi ovuthayo.

Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ADA ekukhetheni ifenisha yehhotela

UMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA) uqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwazo zonke izivakashi. Amahhotela kumele akhethe futhi ahleleifenisha yehhotelaukuhlangabezana neziqondiso ezithile ze-ADA, ikakhulukazi emakamelweni ezivakashi.

• Ukuphakama Kombhede: Nakuba i-ADA inganikezi iziqondiso ezithile, amahhotela kumele aqinisekise ukuthi imibhede ingasetshenziswa abantu abakhubazekile. I-ADA National Network incoma ukuphakama kombhede okuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-23 ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu komatrasi. Imibhede ephakeme kakhulu kunamasentimitha angu-20 ingabangela ubunzima kubasebenzisi bezitulo zabakhubazekile. Ezinye izincomo ziphakamisa ukuthi ingxenye ephezulu kamatrasi kufanele ibe phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-17 kuya kwangu-23 ukusuka phansi ukuze kube lula ukuthutha.
• Amadeski namatafula: Amatafula namadeski afinyelelekayo kumele abe nokuphakama okungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-34 futhi angabi ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-28 ngaphezu kwephansi. Adinga okungenani amasentimitha angu-27 okuvuleka kwamadolo phakathi kwephansi kanye nengxenye engaphansi kwetafula. Indawo ecacile yaphansi engamasentimitha angu-30 ububanzi namasentimitha angu-48 iyadingeka endaweni ngayinye yokuhlala efinyelelekayo, enwebeka amasentimitha angu-19 ngaphansi kwetafula ukuze kuvuleke imilenze nedolo.
• Indawo Ecacile Yendlela Nephansi: Imibhede, izihlalo, kanye nenye ifenisha kumele ivumele okungenani amasentimitha angu-36 endlela ecacile yokuhambahamba. Okungenani indawo eyodwa yokulala kumele inikeze isikhala esicacile phansi esingamasentimitha angu-30 ububanzi no-48 ezinhlangothini zombili zombhede, okuvumela indlela efanayo. Lesi sikhala esicacile phansi siqinisekisa ukuthi izivakashi zingakwazi ukulawula izihlalo zabakhubazekile noma ezinye izinsiza zokuhambahamba.
• Izindawo Zokukhipha Ugesi: Izivakashi kumele zikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zikagesi ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Ukubekwa kwefenisha akufanele kuvimbele ukufinyelela kulezi zici ezibalulekile.

Izindinganiso Zokukhishwa Kwamakhemikhali Ezinto Zefenisha Yehhotela

Ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali okuvela ezintweni zefenisha kungathinta ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi kanye nempilo yezivakashi. Imithethonqubo kanye nezitifiketi zibhekana nama-Volatile Organic Compounds (ama-VOC) nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

• Imikhawulo ye-VOC kanye ne-FormaldehydeIzindinganiso ezifana ne-UL Greenguard Gold kanye ne-CARB Phase 2 zibeka imikhawulo evumelekile yokukhishwa kwegesi.

• Amakhemikhali Anqunyelwe: Izinga elijwayelekile le-Green Seal GS-33 lamahhotela nezindawo zokuhlala licacisa imikhawulo yamapende, avame ukusebenzisana nezinto zefenisha. Libeka imikhawulo yokuqukethwe kwe-VOC kumapende okwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapende akufanele abe nezinsimbi ezisindayo noma izinto ezinobuthi eziphilayo ezifana ne-antimony, i-cadmium, i-lead, i-mercury, i-formaldehyde, kanye ne-phthalate esters.
• Isitifiketi se-Greenguard: Lesi sitifiketi esizimele sihlola ngokuqinile izinto ezikhipha ukungcola okuyingozi njenge-formaldehyde, i-VOC, kanye ne-carbon monoxide. Sisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ifenisha, ihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.

Ukuphepha Komkhiqizo Okuvamile kanye Nokuzinza Kwefenisha Yehhotela

Ngaphandle kokusha kanye nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuphepha nokuqina komkhiqizo ojwayelekile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ifenisha kumele iphephe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ivimbele ukulimala okuvela ekugugulekeni, ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo, noma izinto eziyingozi.

• Ukuqina kanye nokumelana ne-Tip-Over: Ifenisha, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinde njengezingubo zokugqoka kanye nezingubo zokugqoka, kumele zizinzile ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokugoba. Lezi zingozi ziyingozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. I-CPSC yamukele indinganiso yokuzithandela ye-ASTM F2057-23 njengendinganiso yokuphepha ephoqelekile ngo-Ephreli 19, 2023, ukuvimbela ukugoba ifenisha. Le ndinganiso isebenza kumayunithi okugcina izingubo azimele angamasentimitha angu-27 noma ngaphezulu. Izidingo ezibalulekile zokusebenza zifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuqina ekhaphethini, ngamadrowa agcwele, namadrowa amaningi avulekile, kanye nokulingisa isisindo sezingane esifinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-60. Iyunithi akumele igoba noma isekelwe kuphela yidrowa noma umnyango ovuliwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Ukuphepha Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo NobuthiIzinto zefenisha (ukhuni, i-upholstery, izinsimbi, ipulasitiki, i-foam) kufanele zingabi namakhemikhali anobuthi. Izitifiketi ezifana ne-Greenguard Gold kanye nemithetho efana ne-California Proposition 65 ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinto. Imithetho ibhekana nezinkinga ezifana ne-lead kupende, i-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni yokhuni ehlanganisiwe, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezinye izinto ezivimbela umlilo.
• Ubuqotho Besakhiwo: Ukwakhiwa, okuhlanganisa uhlaka, amalunga, nezinto zokwakha, kumele kuqinisekise ukuqina. Lokhu kuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokuwa noma ukugoba. Amalunga ekhwalithi (isb., umsila wedovetail, i-mortise kanye ne-tenon), izinto eziqinile (izinkuni eziqinile, izinsimbi), kanye nezilinganiso ezifanele zomthamo wesisindo kubalulekile.
• Izingozi Zemishini: Ifenisha kufanele ivimbele izingozi ezivela ezingxenyeni zemishini. Imiphetho ebukhali, izingxenye ezivelele, kanye nokwakhiwa okungazinzile kungabangela ukulimala. Iziphathimandla zomthetho ezifana ne-CPSC zibeka amazinga ezinto ezifana nezihlalo ezigoqekayo zezingane kanye nemibhede emide ukuze kulungiswe lezi zingozi.

Amakhodi Okwakha Endawo kanye Nezidingo Zomshayeli Womlilo Wefenisha Yehhotela

Imithetho yokwakha yendawo kanye nezidingo zomphathi womlilo zivame ukunquma indlela amahhotela ahlela ngayo ifenisha, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezindlela zokuphuma kanye nokuphepha komlilo. Ngenkathi imithetho yokwakha ejwayelekile igxile ekuqineni kwesakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zomlilo eziphelele, abaphathi bomlilo baphoqelela ngqo izindlela ezicacile.

• Izindlela Zokuphuma: Izindawo zokuphuma eziphuthumayo kumele zihlale zingaphazanyiswa nhlobo ngobubanzi obucacile obungamasentimitha angu-28. Noma yikuphi ukuncipha kobubanzi obucacile, noma yikuphi ukuvimba (njengokugcina impahla, ifenisha, noma imishini), noma yimuphi umnyango okhiyiwe odinga ukhiye wokuphuma kuwukwephulwa kwemithetho ngokushesha. Abasebenzi bezokuphepha bavame ukuqhuba ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezivamile kanye nasezindlini zegumbi lezivakashi ukuze babike ukuvimba, ikakhulukazi lokho okuvimba imizila yokuphuma ephuthumayo.
• Ukuvalwa KwefenishaAmahhotela kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ukufakwa kwefenisha akuvimbeli izindlela zokuphuma. Izizathu ezivamile zokuphazamiseka zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphuma njengendawo yokugcina izinto ngesikhathi sokulungiswa noma ukuqoqa izimpahla okwesikhashana. Lezi zenzo ziguqula uhlelo lokuphuma lube yisibopho.
• Imithethonqubo Eqondile: Izinhlelo zokuphepha nokususwa kwabantu emlilweni zaseNew York City zihlanganisa izibalo zezakhiwo, izitebhisi, ama-lifti, umoya ongenisa umoya, kanye nemidwebo. Kodwa-ke, azilawuli ngokuqondile ukubekwa kwefenisha. Ngokufanayo, amakhodi okwakha aseLos Angeles agxila ezinhlosweni ezijwayelekile njengokuvikela impilo kanye nempahla, ngaphandle kwemininingwane ethile ngokubekwa kwefenisha yokuphepha emlilweni. Ngakho-ke, amahhotela kumele alandele kakhulu izimiso zokuphepha emlilweni ezijwayelekile kanye neziqondiso zomphathi womlilo mayelana nokuphuma okucacile.

Indlela Ehlakaniphile Yokuthola Ifenisha Yehhotela Ngokuhambisana Nemithetho

Ukuthola imithethoifenisha yehhotelakudinga indlela ehlelekile nenolwazi. Amahhotela kumele adlulele ngale kokucabangela ubuhle futhi abeke phambili ukuphepha, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokunamathela kwemithetho kusukela ekuqaleni. Le nqubo yokuthenga ehlakaniphile inciphisa izingozi futhi iqinisekisa indawo ephephile nekhululekile yazo zonke izivakashi.

Ukukhuthala Okufanelekile Ekutholeni Imithetho Esebenzayo Yefenisha Yehhotela

Amahhotela kumele enze ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze athole yonke imithethonqubo esebenzayo. Lolu cwaningo olusebenzayo luqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukukhethwa kwefenisha kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomthetho zamanje. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke basebenzisa imithethonqubo eqinile ezintweni zokwakha, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nemikhuba yokuzinza ekukhiqizeni ifenisha. Lezi zinguquko zithinta kakhulu imakethe yefenisha yamahhotela. Amahhotela angacwaninga izinguquko zomthetho zamanje nezizayo ngokubonisana nemithombo ehlukahlukene ethembekile. Le mithombo ifaka phakathi izinhlaka zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ezilawulayo, izizindalwazi ezithembekile kanye neziqondiso (njengeBloomberg, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva, kanye neStatista), kanye nezinhlangano zezimboni. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zindinganiso ezishintshayo kubalulekile ekulandeleni imithetho yesikhathi eside.

Ukukhetha Abathengisi Abadumile Befenisha Yehhotela Ehambisanayo

Ukukhetha umthengisi ofanele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana kwefenisha. Amahhotela kufanele ahlole abahlinzeki abangaba khona ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni eziningana ezibalulekile. Kumelwe afune abahlinzeki abanomlando oqinisekisiwe kanye nedumela lomkhakha. Laba bahlinzeki kufanele babe neminyaka yesipiliyoni emkhakheni wamahhotela. Kumelwe futhi banikeze ubufakazi bokubambisana okuphumelelayo futhi bahlangabezane nezinsuku zokugcina njalo. Ubufakazi bamakhasimende, izifundo zamacala, kanye nokuvakasha kwefektri kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngobuchwepheshe nokuthembeka komthengisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhotela kumele aqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki ulandela izindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezimboni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvimbela umlilo, imikhawulo yobuthi, kanye nomklamo we-ergonomic. Abathengisi kufanele banikeze izitifiketi ezifana nezindinganiso ze-ISO, izitifiketi zokuphepha komlilo, noma ukuvunyelwa kwesifunda okufanele. Lawa madokhumenti avikela izivakashi kanye nebhizinisi lehhotela ezikweletini. Ukuhlola ukuba khona kwemakethe yomkhiqizi kanye nomlando omisiwe nakho kubalulekile. Abahlinzeki abanolwazi bavame ukuba nezinqubo ezilula kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwezidingo zokungenisa izihambi. Banephothifoliyo yamaphrojekthi aqediwe. Ukuhlola ukubuyekezwa, ukucela izinkomba, kanye nokuvakashela ukufakwa kwangaphambilini kungaqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwabo.

Uma uxhumana nabathengisi, amahhotela kufanele abuze imibuzo ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda kwawo kanye nokunamathela kwawo emithethweni yefenisha yamahhotela yase-US. Le mibuzo ifaka phakathi imibuzo mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuvimbela umlilo okugunyazwe yi-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) yefenisha efakwe upholstery. Amahhotela kufanele futhi abuze ngezindinganiso ze-BIFMA zobuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuqina, ezisebenza ezingcezwini ezahlukene zefenisha njengemasofa, amatafula aseceleni, kanye nezitulo zebha. Abathengisi kumele futhi bahambisane nezindinganiso ze-ASTM kanye nezilinganiso ze-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ezihlanganisa ukumelana nomlilo kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo. Eminye imibuzo ebalulekile iphathelene nezindinganiso zokusha, ukumelana nokusha, imithetho yokuphepha komlilo, kanye nokuhambisana ne-ADA.

Ukucacisa Izinto Zokwenza Ifenisha Yehhotela Ephephile Nevumelana Nemithetho

Ukucaciswa kwezinto kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokuhambisana nefenisha yehhotela. Amahhotela kumele akhethe izinto ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokusha kanye nokuqina. Ngezindwangu nama-foam angashisi, ifenisha efakwe upholstery kanye nomatrasi ezindaweni zomphakathi kumele bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokusha ezisungulwe yi-ASTM E 1537 noma i-California Technical Bulletin 133. Omatilasi badinga ngqo ukuhambisana ne-California Technical Bulletin 129. I-California Technical Bulletin 133 iyindlela yokuhlola enqunyiwe yokusha kwefenisha ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngenkathi i-California Technical Bulletin 117 iyindinganiso ephoqelekile yefenisha yokuhlala ene-upholstery, izindawo eziningi zomphakathi ziqukethe ifenisha ehlangabezana naleli zinga kuphela. Ezinye izivivinyo ezifanele zifaka phakathi i-NFPA 701 Test 1 yezingubo zokugqoka, i-NFPA 260 yezingubo zokugqoka, kanye ne-ASTM E-84 Enamathela ezimbozweni zodonga. I-NFPA 260 ilinganisa ukumelana kwendwangu ye-upholstery ekushiseni ugwayi ovuthayo. I-NFPA 701 Test #1 ihlukanisa izindwangu zamakhethini nezinye izindwangu ezilengayo. I-CAL/TB 117 ihlukanisa izindwangu ze-upholstery, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi eCalifornia.

Ukuze kwakhiwe ifenisha yehhotela eqinile futhi evumelana nezimo, izinto ezithile zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu. Izinkuni eziqinile ezifana ne-Ipe, i-Teak, i-Oak, i-Cherry wood, i-Maple, i-Acacia, i-Eucalyptus, ne-Mahogany zinikeza ubuningi, amandla, kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside. Ama-laminate e-bamboo asezingeni eliphezulu kanye ne-plywood yekhwalithi ephezulu nawo anikeza ukusebenza okuqinile nokuzinzile. Kwamapulasitiki, i-HDPE yezinga lesakhiwo ithembeke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, amandla, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. I-Polycarbonate inikeza amandla okushaya amangalisayo, kanti i-ABS inikeza isakhiwo esihlanzekile, esiqinile ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Izinsimbi ezifana nezinsimbi ezingagqwali (304 kanye ne-316) zinikeza amandla ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nokumelana okuhle kokugqwala. Insimbi egoqekile ebandayo inikeza ukusebenza kwesakhiwo okuqinile, okunembile, okungabizi kakhulu, kanye ne-aluminium ekhishwe (6063) inikeza amandla alula kanye nokuguquguquka komklamo. Lezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuthi ifenisha ingamelana nokusetshenziswa okunzima futhi igcine ubuqotho besakhiwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imibhalo Ebalulekile kanye Nesitifiketi Sefenisha Yehhotela

Ukugcina amadokhumenti aphelele kanye nezitifiketi kubalulekile ekuboniseni ukuthobela imithetho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Amahhotela kufanele acele izitifiketi ezithile kubakhiqizi befenisha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isitifiketi se-BIFMA LEVEL®, isitifiketi sezinga le-FEMB, isitifiketi se-UL GREENGUARD (kanye nesitifiketi segolide se-UL GREENGUARD), kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-BIFMA M7.1 kokukhishwa kwe-VOC okuvela efenisheni yasehhovisi nasezihlalweni. Izinsizakalo Zokuthobela Imithetho zaseCalifornia Proposition 65 kanye nesitifiketi Sokumemezela Umkhiqizo Wezemvelo nazo zibalulekile.

Ngezinhloso zokuhlola, amahhotela kumele agcine uhla lwemibhalo ebalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imibiko yokuhlolwa yomuntu wesithathu, Izitifiketi Zokuhlaziya Izinto (ama-COA), amaphepha okugcina idatha, kanye nemininingwane yokupakisha. Iwaranti ebhaliwe yesakhiwo, ngokuvamile iminyaka emi-3-5 yezinto zenkontileka, nayo iyadingeka. Amahhotela kufanele agcine imibhalo yokuvunyelwa kwezinto, njengezithombe ze-veneer/indwangu ezinedatha yokuhlola, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwephaneli yokuqeda. Ukuvunyelwa kweyunithi yokuhlola emele umkhiqizo nakho kubalulekile. Imibhalo yokuchayeka kwe-ISO 9227 salt spray yehadiwe, lapho kukhona ingozi yokugqwala, ibalulekile. Imibhalo yokuthobela ukusha, kufaka phakathi izidingo ze-California TB117-2013 kanye nokulebula, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ze-NFPA 260, kumele itholakale kalula. Imibhalo yokuthobela ukukhiqizwa komoya, njengokuthobela i-TSCA Title VI, amalebula, kanye nemibhalo yokungenisa ngokwesiqondiso sohlelo lwe-EPA, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-E1 okuqinisekiswe yindlela yegumbi le-EN 717-1, nakho kuyadingeka. Amalebula e-TSCA Title VI ahlinzekwa ngumhlinzeki wamaphaneli ahlanganisiwe kanye namalebula e-TB117-2013 kanye nedatha yokuhlolwa kwendwangu abalulekile. Okokugcina, kudingeka imibhalo yezindinganiso zokuhlala ezisebenzayo (isb., i-BIFMA X5.4, i-EN 16139/1728) kanye nemibiko yeqembu lesithathu kanye nokuhambisana nokulebula/ukuthobela ilebhu ngokwekhasi lohlelo lwe-EPA TSCA Title VI lwezimpahla eziya e-US.

Iziqondiso Zokufaka Nokubeka Zokuthobela Imithetho Yefenisha Yehhotela

Ukufakwa nokubekwa kahle kwefenisha kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwezivakashi kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokufinyeleleka. Amahhotela kumele anamathisele ifenisha namathelevishini odongeni noma phansi esebenzisa ama-bracket, ama-brace, noma ama-straps odongeni. Kumele aqinisekise ukuthi ama-anchor aboshwe ezindongeni ukuze kube nokuzinza okuphezulu. Ukufaka izingidi ezingamelani nezingane kuma-drawer kuvimbela ukuthi zikhishwe futhi zisetshenziswe njengezinyathelo zokukhuphuka. Ukubeka izinto ezisindayo emashalofini aphansi noma kuma-drawer kwehlisa isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi. Amahhotela kufanele agweme ukubeka izinto ezisindayo, njengethelevishini, phezu kwefenisha engaklanyelwe ukusekela imithwalo enjalo. Ukugcina amathoyizi ezingane, izincwadi, nezinye izinto emashalofini aphansi kuyakuvimbela ukukhuphuka. Ukuhlola njalo ukubekwa kwefenisha kunciphisa izingozi. Amahhotela kufanele ahlole ifenisha njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 ukuze ahlole ukuxega noma ukungazinzile, izikulufo ezikhululekile noma izikhala emajoyintini, kanye nama-anchor asuka odongeni. Ukufaka ama-bracket anomumo we-L ngemuva kwamakhabethe amade kanye nezitendi ze-TV kunikeza ukubambelela odongeni noma phansi okuphephile. Ukusebenzisa insimbi enamandla amakhulu egoqekile ebandayo noma insimbi yekhabhoni enesilinganiso se-S235 noma ngaphezulu kwezingxenye zesakhiwo, ngama-weld aqinisiwe ezindaweni zokucindezeleka, kuthuthukisa ukuqina. Ukuklama ama-port okufinyelela ukuze kuhlolwe ama-bolt kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezinamathiselo kanye nokufakwa ngokushesha kwezingxenye ezikhululekile noma ezonakele. Izakhiwo zefenisha ezihlanganisiwe zenza kube lula ukushintshwa kwezingxenye endaweni, kunciphisa ubunzima kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.

Ukuze kubekwe ifenisha, amahhotela kumele agcine izindlela zokuphuma ezicacile kanye nokufinyeleleka kwe-ADA emakamelweni nasezindaweni ezivamile. Izindlela zokujikeleza ezisetshenziswa njalo ezindaweni zomsebenzi zabasebenzi kumele zihambisane nobubanzi obuncane obungamasentimitha angu-36. Okuhlukile kule mfuneko kufaka phakathi izindawo ezingaphansi kwamamitha-skwele ayi-1000 ezichazwe yizinto ezihlala njalo nezindlela ezizungeze imishini yendawo yokusebenza eyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo yokusebenza. Izinto ezivelele akumele zivele ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-4 kunoma iyiphi indlela yokujikeleza, kufaka phakathi lezo ezisezindaweni zabasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu abangaboni kahle. Izindlela ezifinyelelekayo kumele okungenani zibe amasentimitha angu-36 ububanzi. Uma kujika amadigri angu-180 kuzungeza into engaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-48 ububanzi, ububanzi obucacile kumele okungenani bube amasentimitha angu-42 esondela futhi ephuma ejikeni, kanye namasentimitha angu-48 ejikeni ngokwalo. Izimbobo zeminyango ezindaweni ezifinyelelekayo kumele zinikeze ububanzi obuncane obucacile obungamasentimitha angu-32. Ngeminyango ejikayo, lokhu kulinganiswa kuthathwa phakathi kobuso bomnyango kanye nesango lapho umnyango uvuliwe ngamadigri angu-90. Izimbobo zeminyango ezijule ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-24 zidinga ukuvulwa okucacile okungenani kwamasentimitha angu-36. Indlela efinyeleleka kalula eya etafuleni ngalinye elifinyeleleka kalula kumele ifake indawo ecacile yaphansi engamasentimitha angu-30 ngamasentimitha angu-48 endaweni ngayinye yokuhlala, kanye namasentimitha angu-19 ale ndawo anwebeka ngaphansi kwetafula ukuze kususwe imilenze namadolo. Okungenani indawo eyodwa yokulala kumele inikeze isikhala esicacile saphansi okungenani esingamasentimitha angu-30 ngamasentimitha angu-48 ezinhlangothini zombili zombhede, esibekwe ngendlela efanayo.

Ukugwema Izingibe Ezivamile Ekuhambisaneni Nefenisha Yehhotela

Amahhotela avame ukubhekana nezingibe ezahlukahlukene lapho ethenga ifenisha. Ukuqonda la maphutha avamile kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho ngokugcwele kanye nokuphepha kwezivakashi.

Ingozi Yokungayinaki Imithetho Yefenisha Yamahhotela

Imithethonqubo kahulumeni inikeza isisekelo, kodwa imithetho yendawo ivame ukufaka izidingo ezengeziwe neziqinile. Amahhotela kumele acwaninge amakhodi athile kahulumeni nawomasipala. Isibonelo, iCalifornia inemithethonqubo ehlukile yefenisha. I-California Technical Bulletin 117, ebuyekezwe ngo-2013, iyalela amazinga athile okumelana nokusha kwezingxenye zefenisha ezifakwe upholstery. ICalifornia iphinde ifune 'amalebula omthetho' efenisha efakwe upholstery, echaza izinto zokugcwalisa kanye nezitatimende zesitifiketi, ezihlukile ezindinganisweni zikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-California Proposition 65 ifuna izexwayiso uma ifenisha iqukethe izinto ezaziwa ukuthi zibangela umdlavuza noma ukulimala kokuzala, njenge-formaldehyde noma i-lead, edlula imikhawulo yechweba eliphephile.

Kungani “Ibanga Lezentengiselwano” Lingasho Njalo Ukuthi Ifenisha Yehhotela Iyahambisana Nemithetho

Igama elithi “izinga lezentengiselwano” aliqinisekisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthobela umthetho okugcwele kokusetshenziswa kwehhotela. Nakuba ifenisha yokungenisa izihambi yezinga lezentengiselwano imelana nokuhamba okuphezulu kangcono kunezinto zokuthengisa, ingase ingahlangabezani nazo zonke izindinganiso eziqinile zehhotela. Ifenisha ehambisana nehhotela, eyaziwa nangokuthi ifenisha yenkontileka, ihlolwa ngokuqinile ngesitifiketi se-ANSI/BIFMA. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunamathela emithethweni ethile yemboni yokuphepha, umlilo, kanye nokufinyeleleka. Isibonelo, isitifiketi se-GREEGUARD Gold sibeka imikhawulo ephansi ye-VOC futhi sifaka nezindinganiso ezisekelwe empilweni zabantu abazwelayo, sidlula izindinganiso ezijwayelekile ze-GREEGUARD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifenisha ehambisana nemithetho ivame ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni njenge-CAL 133, ukuhlolwa okukhulu kokusha kwemikhiqizo yokuhlala.

Umthelela Wokunakekelwa Nokugqokwa Ekuhambisaneni Nemithetho Yefenisha Yehhotela

Ngisho nefenisha ehambisanayo ekuqaleni ingaba yinto engahambisani nomthetho ngenxa yokuguga nokudabuka. Ukunakekelwa njalo kubalulekile. Izinkomba zokuguga zifaka phakathi amalunga axegayo kanye nokuxega kohlaka, okubonakala njengezikhala noma ukunyakaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ama-veneer acwebezelayo kanye nopende, okubonakala ngokuphakamisa imiphetho noma izindawo eziqhumayo, nakho kubonisa ukuwohloka. Imiphetho ebukhali, ukuqeda okuqinile, imicamelo egobile, kanye nokuthunga okungekuhle kungadala izingozi zokuphepha. Amahhotela kumele ahlole ifenisha njalo ukuze abone futhi abhekane nalezi zinkinga, avimbele ukulimala okungenzeka futhi agcine imithetho.

Izindleko Zesikhathi Eside Zokuyekethisa Ifenisha Yehhotela Eqhutshwa Yimali Eningi

Ukukhetha ifenisha esezingeni eliphansi ukuze wonge imali ekuqaleni kuvame ukuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zesikhathi eside. Ukuyekethisa okunjalo okusekelwe kwisabelomali kudinga ukushintshwa kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ehhotela. Ifenisha yehhotela eqhubekayo, nakuba iyitshalomali lokuqala ephezulu, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa nokushintsha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo ngokwemvelo. Ifenisha enakekelwe kabi noma eyonakele ngokusobala nayo ingandisa ukudalulwa ngokomthetho. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngabamangali ukuphikisana nobudedengu emacaleni omthwalo wemfanelo, ikakhulukazi uma ifenisha yehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha noma yokufinyeleleka.

Amahhotela aqinisekisa ifenisha ehambisanayo ngocwaningo olukhuthele,ukukhetha abathengisi abathembekile, kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto eziqondile. Bagcina amadokhumenti abalulekile futhi balandela iziqondiso eziqinile zokufaka. Ukuthobela imithetho ngokushesha kuvikela izivakashi futhi kuphakamisa idumela lehhotela. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ekukhetheni nasekulungiseni ifenisha kuhlala kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yimuphi umthetho obaluleke kakhulu wokusha kwefenisha yehhotela?

I-California TB 117-2013 iyindinganiso ebalulekile. Ihlola ukumelana kwefenisha efakwe upholstery ekushisweni ugwayi. Izifundazwe eziningi ziyawamukela la mazinga.

Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ADA kukuthinta kanjani ukukhethwa kwemibhede yehhotela?

Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ADA kudinga ukuphakama kwemibhede okufinyeleleka kalula. I-ADA National Network incoma ukuphakama kombhede okuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-23 ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu komatrasi ukuze kube lula ukudlulisa.

Kungani "izinga lokuhweba" linganele ngaso sonke isikhathi ifenisha yehhotela?

Ifenisha “yezinga lezentengiselwano” ingase ingahlangabezani nazo zonke izindinganiso eziqinile zehhotela. Ifenisha ehambisana nehhotela ihlolwa ngokuqinile ngesitifiketi se-ANSI/BIFMA sokuphepha, umlilo, kanye nokufinyeleleka.